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December 07, 2019
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Subj:Memorandum Comparing the Weights of Cars from different Continents
IRP Summary:
When making purchase and manufacturing decisions for organizations and individuals,
consider several factors. Among these factors, weight, length, horsepower, and wheelbase and
cylinders are critical. For flexibility and more speed, less weight with high horsepower is
essential. A wider wheelbase and short length are also paramount to determine how faster vehicle
travel. To produce fewer weight cars, an organization needs to incorporate expensive material
and advanced technology. Therefore, the capacity of production in a country dictates whether the
produced cars are weight effective or not. In this paper, I seek to establish whether there are
differences in the weights of the vehicles from the USA, Asia, and Europe.
To perform the analysis, I obtained a car dataset from Vehicle insurers and manufacturers
Open Public Datasets (OPD). The dataset contains different types and makes of vehicles from the
USA, Asia, and Europe. Alongside each registered car, details of its length, wheelbase, cylinder,
horsepower, Drivetrain, Miles (MPG_City), MRSP, and weight are given. With the primary aim
of the paper being to investigate whether there are differences in weights by origin, I established
the frequency distribution of the cars by continent. Further, I drew a graphical representation of
the vehicles based on their source to provide a general for the composition of the sample. To
complete the study, I performed an Analysis of Variance for the weight of the vehicles, grouping
them with the origin.
The findings indicate that there are significant differences in the weight of cars with
vehicles from Asia being lighter than those from the USA. However, there were detectible no
differences in the average weight of vehicles from the USA and Europe. Cars from the USA
were found to be heavier than others in general. The analysis concludes that the average weight
of vehicles from different continents is different from most advanced economies producing
lighter vehicles. When making purchase decisions, it is crucial to consider the weight as a factor
to understand its ability for speeding. Producers and manufacturers should also consider utilizing
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advanced materials to produce vehicles with less pressure to accommodate the demands of their
customers.
Issue Identification:
Understanding the properties of different vehicles is a crucial aspect to avoid information
asymmetry in car markets. When customers have sufficient information about the cars in
exchange, they make informed purchase decisions. When the customers are unaware of the
vehicles in the market, they might make purchases that do not meet their needs. Equally,
producers must meet the market demands of their customers by manufacturing cars that have
enough features. This creates demand for their products. One of the current factors to consider
when making a purchase is the weight of the vehicle, which correlates with the horsepower and
spend.
A light car may indicate expensive technology and, of course, sufficient speed. Heavy
vehicles for the relatively equal size of the other lighter ones may be as a result of utilizing
obsolete technology and materials. As a result, there is a need to understand how the weights of
vehicles from different continents compare.
Issue Analysis:
The papers use Analysis of Variance to respond to the research question, “Are there
significant differences in the weight of cars from different continents?” Formulate null
hypothesis states that “there are no significant differences in the average weight of cars from
different continents. The alternative hypothesis states that there is a substantial difference in the
average weight of vehicles from different continents . I am using the conventional significance
level, 5%, the study purpose to decide on the null hypothesis based on the sample results. The
sample is constituting data random obtained from different populations. This meets the
assumption of diverse populations and randomness as required by ANOVA.
Data:
To answer the research question, “Are there significant differences in the average weight
of the cars from different continents?” using sample cars, I performed the summary statistics to
illustrate a clear picture of the dataset.
I obtained data samples from Vehicle manufacturers and vehicle insurers found in Open
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public datasets. It is composed of several variables describing the paramount features of vehicles.
Out of 428 Sample cars, there were 158 from Asia, 123 from Europe, and 147 from the USA.
These frequency counts translate to 36.92%, 28.74%, and 34.35% for Asia, Europe, and the USA
accordingly. Summary statistics of the vehicles show that the average weight is 3577.95, with a
standard deviation of 758.98. The minimum weight and maximum weight are recorded as 1850
and 7190
Table 1: Frequency distribution of vehicles by origin
Origin
Frequency
Percent
Cumulative
Cumulative
Frequency
Percent
Asia
158
36.92
158
36.92
Europe
123
28.74
281
65.65
USA
147
34.35
428
100.00
Figure A: A bar chart representing the distribution of cars by origin
Table 2: Summary Statistics for the data
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Analysis:
The results of the study indicate that the average weight of vehicles from the USA is
3769.95(SD=855.31). Those from Asia have an average weight of 3319.32(SD=717.84) While
those from Europe have an average weight of 3680.72(SD=579.58). The Analysis of variance
results show that there are significant differences in average weight by continent, F (2) =15.85,
p<0.001. However, the Tukey Tamer analysis indicates that there is no detectable difference between the average weight of cars from Europe and the USA. This is also evidenced by boxplots of the distribution of weights by origin. Table 3: ANOVA Results Source DF Sum of Squares Mean Square Model 2 17287145.6 8643572.8 Error 42 5 228688561.4 538090.7 Corrected Total 42 7 245975707.1 F Value Pr > F
16.06 <.0001 Table 4: Groupwise comparison 4 Figure 2: Boxplot of weight by origin Conclusion: The finding of the paper indicates that there are significant differences in the average weight of vehicles by origin continent. Therefore, it is critical for customers to check the origin continent of the vehicles they intend to buy. Most important to note the weights of vehicles from the USA and Europe do not have significant differences in pressure. Those vehicles from Asia have low eight and, therefore, might be the right choice for those who need light vehicles. Although it is not clear, Asian vehicles seem more advanced; thus, they may be characterized by better efficiency compared to those from the US and Europe. The course of Action Development To improve the results of this paper, there is a need to test a sample with equal sizes, especially length and number of cylinders, to arrive at a more precise conclusion. Besides, the sampling needs to assemble those vehicles with the same horsepower to ensure that inferences on efficiency are valid and reliable. Too, grouped data from manufacturers and the technology they use is an ingredient to providing more useful comparisons on the average weight of vehicles from different continents. 5 Recommendation The vehicle manufacturers need to pay attention to the importance of cars they produce as a way of ensuring efficiency. Most Asian vehicles are light and plausibly efficient. There is a need to reduce the burden of vehicles to meet customer demands while improving productivity. 6 ... Purchase answer to see full attachment

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